Forests in Latin America and the Caribbean.

23% of the world’s forests and 60% of global biodiversity are located in Latin America and the Caribbean, highlighting the region’s strategic importance for ecosystem and biodiversity conservation. This significant share also reflects the critical role of LAC in providing essential ecosystem services and in supporting global efforts to address environmental degradation and climate change (World Resources Institute, 2024)

World Resources Institute, 2024

Emissions from land use in LAC.

58% of greenhouse gas emissions in Latin America and the Caribbean originate from land use, land-use change, and the forestry sector, highlighting the significant weight of these activities in the region’s climate dynamics and the urgent need to strengthen mitigation efforts (World Resources Institute, 2024).

World Resources Institute, 2024

Forest cover loss in LAC

7% of forest cover was lost between 1990 and 2020 in Latin America and the Caribbean, equivalent to 138 million hectares, highlighting the scale of landscape degradation in the region and the urgency of advancing large-scale restoration and conservation efforts (World Resources Institute, 2024).

World Resources Institute, 2024

PAI Governance

In “almost all” cases, productive articulation initiatives (PAI) (in the same 20 countries) are managed by a decision-making body averaging 11 people, with composition mainly private sector (72.7%), then civil society (15.0%), public sector (10.2%), and academia (1%) (ECLAC, 2025).

En “casi la totalidad” de los casos, las iniciativas de articulación productiva (IAP) (en los 20 países listados) son gestionadas por un órgano de decisión conformado por un promedio de 11 personas; además, ese órgano se compone mayoritariamente por sector privado (72,7%), seguido de sociedad civil (15,0%), sector público (10,2%) y sector académico (1%), según el informe (CEPAL, 2025).

Biodiversity in Colombia

Around 186 instruments were issued between 1959 and 2018 in Colombia related to biodiversity (Echeverri, A., et, al., 2023)

186 instrumentos fueron emitidos en relación con Biodiversidad en Colombia durante los últimos 60 años (Echeverri, et, al., 2023)

Echeverri, A., et, al., 2023. Colombian biodiversity is governed by a rich and diverse policy mix

PRODAF strengthened formalization and access to ba

A high proportion joined RENSPA and regularized their obligations, which enabled access to banking services. Access to credit increased by 47 percentage points.

Alta proporción ingresó a RENSPA y regularizó obligaciones, lo que habilitó el acceso bancario. El acceso a crédito subió 47 pp.

Formalization as a gateway to financial services

Tax regularization and RENSPA registration enabled banking access by providing formal documentation.

La regularización tributaria y el registro en RENSPA facilitaron el acceso al sistema bancario al contar con documentación formal.

Technological development policies in Bolivia

The article analyzes the historical evolution of innovation, research, and technological development policies in the Bolivian agricultural sector, identifying five stages of institutional transformation and their main limitations.

Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA)

Blanco, C., Quispe, D., & Callisaya, A. (2020). Lineamientos de políticas de investigación y desarrollo tecnológico agrario en Bolivia. Revista de Investigación e Innovación Agropecuaria y de Recursos Naturales, 7(3), 19–32

Challenge of Inefficient Governments

65% of governments in developing countries are considered inefficient or even predatory, posing a significant challenge to fostering micro learning that simultaneously relaxes macro constraints (Sabel & Reddy, 2006).

65% de los gobiernos en países en desarrollo son considerados ineficientes o incluso depredadores, lo que plantea un desafío significativo para fomentar el aprendizaje micro que simultáneamente relaja las restricciones macro (Sabel y Reddy, 2006).

Sabel, C. F., & Reddy, S. G. (2006). Learning to Learn: Undoing the Gordian Knot of Development Today.