Evidence detail

INIA, 2025

Geographical Distribution of Goat Livestock (Peru)

68% of Peru’s 2 million goats are concentrated in the northern coast, south-central zone, and Andean region, areas where precipitation ranges from 0–500 mm per year in arid and semi-arid zones, to elevations above 3,000 m a.s.l. with greater water availability, reflecting contrasts in forage supply and productive potential (INIA, 2025).

INIA, 2025

Forest cover loss in LAC

7% of forest cover was lost between 1990 and 2020 in Latin America and the Caribbean, equivalent to 138 million hectares, highlighting the scale of landscape degradation in the region and the urgency of advancing large-scale restoration and conservation efforts (World Resources Institute, 2024).

World Resources Institute, 2024

Emissions from land use in LAC.

58% of greenhouse gas emissions in Latin America and the Caribbean originate from land use, land-use change, and the forestry sector, highlighting the significant weight of these activities in the region’s climate dynamics and the urgent need to strengthen mitigation efforts (World Resources Institute, 2024).

World Resources Institute, 2024

Forests in Latin America and the Caribbean.

23% of the world’s forests and 60% of global biodiversity are located in Latin America and the Caribbean, highlighting the region’s strategic importance for ecosystem and biodiversity conservation. This significant share also reflects the critical role of LAC in providing essential ecosystem services and in supporting global efforts to address environmental degradation and climate change (World Resources Institute, 2024)

World Resources Institute, 2024

NDC Blue Challenge

17 countries joined the Blue NDC Challenge to incorporate ocean-climate solutions into their national plans (CAF, 2025).

CAF, 2025

CAF (2025). 11 grandes noticias de CAF en el marco de LA COP30 .

Agricultural policies in Peru 2019-2022

State support for the Peruvian agricultural sector (2019–2022) is analyzed using the OECD methodology (PSE and GSSE), quantifying subsidies, general services, and competitiveness programs, and linking them to the sector's GHG emissions. It assesses its consistency with the NDCs and the National Agricultural Policy 2021–2030, highlighting the need to reorient incentives towards climate-smart and low-carbon agricultural practices.

Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID)

De los Santos, J., Muñoz, G., Tellez-Lara, N., Rondinone, G., & De Salvo, C. P. (2025). Políticas agropecuarias en Perú 2019-2022: análisis y cuantificación de los apoyos y su vinculación con las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero.

Agricultural production chains and local developme

The study analyzes local development in the Quevedo canton (Ecuador) based on the strengthening of its agricultural production chains, combining a review of scientific literature and a territorial diagnosis. It identifies the structural conditions, levels of association, and degree of commercial integration of the main crops (bananas, rice, cocoa, African palm, and tropical fruits) revealing an unequal and fragmented structure. The results highlight problems such as intermediation, limited access to credit, low levels of technification, and weak institutional governance, which limit the competitiveness and sustainability of the territory. The article concludes that strengthening chains with a territorial, inclusive, and sustainable approach is essential to boost the rural economy, reduce inequality, and consolidate an equitable local development model.

Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Ecuador.

Muñoz, G. B. E., Muñoz, C. A. G., & Nagua, S. V. A. (2025). Análisis del Desarrollo Local en el Cantón Quevedo a partir del Fortalecimiento de las Cadenas Agroproductivas: Una Revisión de Literatura y Diagnóstico Territorial. Ciencia Latina: Revista Multidisciplinar, 9(4), 6930-6948.

Building towards Sustainable Development Goal

Building towards the goal of zero hunger, the food and agriculture sector must be considered when designing nutritional interventions (Duncan et al., 2022).

Construyendo hacia el objetivo de hambre cero, el sector alimentario y agrícola debe ser considerado al diseñar intervenciones nutricionales (Duncan et al., 2022).

Duncan, E., Ashton, L., Abdulai, A. R., Sawadogo-Lewis, T., King, S. E., Fraser, E. D. G., Vosti, S., Haines, J., Knight, F., & Roberton, T. (2022). Connecting the food and agriculture sector to nutrition interventions for improved health outcomes. Food Security, 14, 657-675. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-022-01262-3

Strategic value: Agrobiodiversity LATAM

38% of global agrobiodiversity is found in Latin America, a region that has contributed fundamental crops such as corn, potato, cocoa, tomato, avocado, and many others to global food, constituting a strategic asset to face climate change (Velásquez, A., 2025).

38% de la agrobiodiversidad mundial se encuentra en América Latina, región que ha aportado cultivos fundamentales como maíz, papa, cacao, tomate, aguacate y muchos otros a la alimentación global, constituyendo un activo estratégico para enfrentar el cambio climático (Velásquez, A., 2025).

Velásquez, A. (2025). Estudios arqueológicos del aguacate en Mesoamérica. Editorial Académica.