Evidences
32 results
State support for the Peruvian agricultural sector (2019–2022) is analyzed using the OECD methodology (PSE and GSSE), quantifying subsidies, general services, and competitiveness programs, and linking them to the sector's GHG emissions. It assesses its consistency with the NDCs and the National Agricultural Policy 2021–2030, highlighting the need to reorient incentives towards climate-smart and low-carbon agricultural practices.
Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID)
De los Santos, J., Muñoz, G., Tellez-Lara, N., Rondinone, G., & De Salvo, C. P. (2025). Políticas agropecuarias en Perú 2019-2022: análisis y cuantificación de los apoyos y su vinculación con las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero.
The certifications in Latin America operate in legally weak contexts, either reinforcing accountability or enabling corruption.
It proposes legal reforms to improve governance and public trust (Avesani, 2025).
Avesani, M, 2025
Departamento de Derecho Penal y Criminología - Universidad de Groningen, Groningen, Países Bajos
This study evaluates the spatial distribution of cadmium (Cd) in soils cultivated with avocado (Persea americana) in different regions of Peru, identifying factors that influence its concentration, such as texture, pH, organic matter, and agricultural practices. It was determined that several areas have elevated levels of Cd, which represents a risk to food safety and exports, especially given the European Union's international standards (Solórzano et al., 2025).
Solórzano Acosta, R. A., Llerena Arroyo, R. A., Mejía Maita, S., Cruz Luis, J. A., & Quispe Matos, K. R. (2025).
Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA)
Universidad Científica del Sur
Over the past 50 years, the world’s food systems have changed dramatically. Throughout, policy research has played a crucial role in providing evidence and analysis to inform decision-making that supports agricultural growth, better livelihoods, and improved food security and nutrition. The 2025 Global Food Policy Report examines the evolution and impact of food policy research and assesses how it can better equip policymakers to meet future challenges and opportunities.
90% of operators that import products within the scope of EUDR are constituted by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), according to European Union data (Sarmiento, 2025).
El 90% de los operadores que importan productos dentro del alcance del EUDR están constituidos por pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMES), según datos de la Unión Europea (Sarmiento, 2025).
12 additional months represents the transition period introduced by the European Union in December 2024, requiring compliance by December 30, 2025, for large and medium-sized companies and by June 30, 2026, for micro and small enterprises (Sarmiento, 2025).
12 meses adicionales representa el período de transición introducido por la Unión Europea en diciembre 2024, requiriendo cumplimiento para el 30 de diciembre de 2025 para empresas grandes y medianas, y el 30 de junio de 2026 para microempresas y pequeñas empresas (Sarmiento, 2025).
250 employees maximum average, net turnover below EUR 50 million, and balance sheet total below EUR 25 million represent the criteria of which at least two must be met for a business to be considered SME under EUDR regulation (Sarmiento, 2025).
250 empleados como máximo promedio, facturación neta inferior a 50 millones de euros, y total de balance inferior a 25 millones de euros representan los criterios que debe cumplir al menos dos de ellos una empresa para ser considerada PYME bajo la regulación EUDR (Sarmiento, 2025).
29% of farmers cited political or regulatory decisions as one of their top 3 challenges, double the amount compared to last year (Bayer AG, 2024).
29% de los agricultores citaron las decisiones políticas o regulatorias como uno de sus 3 principales desafíos, el doble que el año anterior (Bayer AG, 2024).
Bayer AG. (2024, September 26). 75 percent of farmers are open to innovation to cope with climate change, global research reveals [News Release]. https://www.bayer.com/en/media
30/08/2023
Between 0.1% and 1% of real GDP in the US and Europe would be affected by friendshoring, with a higher impact of up to 4.7% in countries in between the West and its adversaries (IMF, 2023).
FMI
The Economist (August 30, 2023). What is “friendshoring”? https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2023/08/30/what-is-friendshoring
US$ 41 million is the total program cost, partially financed by the IDB.
US$ 41 millones es el costo total del programa, parcialmente financiado por BID.
