Record global temperature in 2024 and impacts on P

20.29 °C was the global average temperature recorded in 2024, with an anomaly of +1.18 °C (SENAMHI, 2024). This thermal increase is reflected in Peru through a higher frequency and intensity of droughts, floods, heat waves, cold spells, and landslides, affecting ecosystems, infrastructure, and productive sectors.

Senamhi (2024)

Agricultural growth in LAC 1961–2021

2.9% per year was the growth of agricultural output in LAC since 1961, driven by a 1.7% annual TFP (Total factor productivity) increase (IBD, 2025).

http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013695

Decline in sustainable productivity

30% declines in sustainable productivity in Latin America and the Caribbean when environmental costs are included, lowering total factor productivity (TFP) to 0.14% per year. (IDB, 2025).

http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013695

Recent stagnation of agricultural TFP in LAC

0.9% was the growth of agricultural Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in Latin America and the Caribbean between 2011 and 2020, signaling a marked slowdown in productivity (IBD, 2025).

http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013695

Agricultural Productivity in Latin America and the

Up to 70% of agricultural productivity growth in Latin America and the Caribbean is reduced when environmental costs are taken into account. The increase in production has been driven mainly by the intensive use of inputs rather than by technological or managerial improvements, highlighting the need for policies that integrate sustainability and innovation. (IDB, 2025)

Salazar, L., Tadeo Ruesta, D. V., Alvarez, L., Bernal Hernandez, S. ., & Martel, P. (2025). Agricultural Productivity in Latin America and the Caribbean (1961-2021): Subregional and National Analysis. Balduzzi Fiallos, M. S. (Ed.).

Mexican Manufacturing Growth

1.5% was the average annual growth rate of Mexico's manufacturing sector between 2000 and 2023 (Cabrera et al., 2024).

1,5% fue el crecimiento a una tasa promedio anual del sector manufacturero de México entre el 2000 y 2023 (Cabrera et al., 2024).

C. Cabrera Espinosa y otros, Temas clave para diseñar e implementar una política de desarrollo productivo sostenible en México (LC/MEX/TS.2024/8), Ciudad de México, Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), 2024.

PRODAF: pilot with rigorous evaluation

As a national pilot, PRODAF emphasized rigorous evaluation of productive and economic impacts.

El programa se concibió como piloto nacional y se subrayó la necesidad de evaluar rigurosamente sus impactos productivos y económicos.

Remote sensing allows for the evaluation of yields

NDVI-based remote sensing is a valuable, cost-effective proxy for yield to assess temporal dynamics of impacts.

El uso de NDVI como proxy de rendimiento es valioso y costo-efectivo para examinar la dinámica temporal de impactos.

Annual NDVI

Annual NDVI (average and maximum) is used to observe pre- and post-intervention trends for treated and control units. The longitudinal approach captures the "before and after" dynamics of the program.

Con NDVI anual (promedio y máximo) se observan trayectorias pre y post intervención para unidades tratadas y de control. El enfoque longitudinal capta la dinámica “antes y después” del programa.

Complementarity between data collection

The combined strategy of using surveys and satellite images allows for measuring mechanisms (adoption, credit) and returns, offering consistent evidence.

La estrategia combinada de utilizar encuestas e imágenes satelitales permite medir mecanismos (adopción, crédito) y rendimientos, ofreciendo evidencias consistentes.