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Evidences

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Stocks 2.7% lower

60 million tons, equivalent to 2.7% of global production, was the approximate difference between global grain stocks in 2007-2008 and those in 2004-2005.

Torero (2016)

Torero, M. (2016). Alternative mechanisms to reduce food price volatility and price spikes: Policy responses at the global level. In M. Kalkuhl et al. (Eds.), Food Price Volatility and Its Implications for Food Security and Policy. Springer. https://opsaa.iica.int/en/resource-2747-alternative-mechanisms-to-reduce-food-price-volatility-and-price-spikes-policy-responses-at-the-global-level

Restrictions explain 30%

Up to 30% of the price increase in the first six months of 2008 can be explained by trade restrictions, according to IFPRI simulations with the MIRAGE model cited in the chapter.

Torero (2016)

Torero, M. (2016). Alternative mechanisms to reduce food price volatility and price spikes: Policy responses at the global level. In M. Kalkuhl et al. (Eds.), Food Price Volatility and Its Implications for Food Security and Policy. Springer. https://opsaa.iica.int/en/resource-2747-alternative-mechanisms-to-reduce-food-price-volatility-and-price-spikes-policy-responses-at-the-global-level

More volatility days

395 days of excessive volatility were recorded for soft wheat between January 2007 and June 2011, compared with 207 days between December 2001 and December 2006.

Torero (2016)

Torero, M. (2016). Alternative mechanisms to reduce food price volatility and price spikes: Policy responses at the global level. In M. Kalkuhl et al. (Eds.), Food Price Volatility and Its Implications for Food Security and Policy. Springer. https://opsaa.iica.int/en/resource-2747-alternative-mechanisms-to-reduce-food-price-volatility-and-price-spikes-policy-responses-at-the-global-level

Maize and wheat doubled

Between June 2010 and May 2011, international maize and wheat prices roughly doubled; food prices peaked in February 2011.

Torero (2016)

Torero, M. (2016). Alternative mechanisms to reduce food price volatility and price spikes: Policy responses at the global level. In M. Kalkuhl et al. (Eds.), Food Price Volatility and Its Implications for Food Security and Policy. Springer. https://opsaa.iica.int/en/resource-2747-alternative-mechanisms-to-reduce-food-price-volatility-and-price-spikes-policy-responses-at-the-global-level

Coffee price variability

04/06/2008 Go to Evidence

38% represents the coefficient of variation around the trend of Costa Rica's export price between 1961 and 1997 (Bosselmann, 2008).

El 38% representa el coeficiente de variación alrededor de la tendencia del precio de exportación de Costa Rica entre 1961 y 1997.

Bosselmann, A. (2008). Using payments for environmental services to secure environmental services and livelihoods in coffee agroforests – A project portrayal. Scandinavian Forest Economics, 42, 421-440.

Agricultural subsidies

17/06/1999 Go to Evidence

In 1999, the United States granted US$132 per hectare as a corn subsidy, three times more than the US$42 per hectare granted by Mexico (Arroyo, 2009).

132 dólares por hectárea otorgaba Estados Unidos como subsidio al maíz en 1999, siendo tres veces mayor que los 42 dólares por hectárea que otorgaba México (Arroyo, 2009).

Macías Uribe, C. (2019). World Agricultural Trade Reform, Insertion of Mexico´s agricultural sector under NAFTA and the WTO Agreement on Agriculture, 1994-2012. Textual, 74, 13-49.