PAI focused on quality improvement

2.4% of the 497 productive articulation initiatives (PAI) (same 20 countries; 2023–2025) focus on quality improvement (ECLAC, 2025).

PAI aimed at improving offering and increasing sal

10.7% of the 497 productive articulation initiatives (PAI) (20 countries, 2023–2025) focus on improving the commercial and tourism offer and increasing sales, according to the report (ECLAC, 2025).

10,7% de las 497 iniciativas de articulación productiva (IAP) (20 países, 2023–2025) se enfoca en mejorar la oferta comercial y turística y aumentar ventas, según el informe (CEPAL, 2025).

PAI focused on productive linkages

12.7% of the 497 productive articulation initiatives (PAI) (20 countries, 2023–2025) prioritize productive linkages as their strategic focus, according to the report (ECLAC, 2025).

12,7% de las 497 iniciativas de articulación productiva (IAP) (20 países, 2023–2025) priorizan los encadenamientos productivos como foco estratégico, según el informe (CEPAL, 2025).

IAP: market access/internationalization

According to the report (ECLAC, 2025), 26.6% of the 497 Productive Articulation Initiatives (IAP) (20 countries, 2023–2025) have as their strategic focus access to new markets or internationalization.

26,6% de las 497 Iniciativas de Articulación Productiva (IAP) (20 países, 2023–2025) tiene como foco estratégico el acceso a nuevos mercados o la internacionalización, según el informe (CEPAL, 2025).

IAP with a focus on product/process innovation

8.9% of the 497 productive articulation initiatives (PAI) (20 countries, 2023–2025) prioritize product or process innovation as their strategic focus, according to the report (ECLAC, 2025).

8,9% de las 497 iniciativas de articulación productiva (IAP) (20 países, 2023–2025) prioriza la innovación en productos o procesos como foco estratégico, según el informe (CEPAL, 2025).

Carbon credits

More than $85 million in carbon credits have been mobilized in Costa Rica since 2021, highlighting the role of agriculture and bioenergy (Bolsa Nacional de Valores, 2023).

Bolsa Nacional de Valores, 2023

Bolsa Nacional de Valores. (2023). Reporte anual de transacciones en mercados ambientales. Costa Rica

Evidence detail

La producción total de leche en Costa Rica ha seguido una tendencia al alza con un crecimiento significativo en 2023 y 2024 alcanzando un valor proyectado de 1 268 230 toneladas en 2024.

SEPSA-MAG. (2025). Estimación de la producción de leche en Costa Rica (2017-2024) y proyección para 2025 (Informe SEPSA-INF-2025-006). Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería. https://infoagro.go.cr/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/SEPSA-INF-2025-006_Estimacion_Produccion_Leche_CR_2025.pdf

Rains devastate Costa Rican crops

23,000 million colones in coffee and 1,982 million in rice is the economic impact of the recent rains in Costa Rica (La Nación, 2024).

(La Nación, 2024)

La Nación (2024, noviembre 21). Lluvias causaron daños por ¢23.000 millones en café y ¢1.982 millones en arroz. https://www.nacion.com/economia/agro/lluvias-causaron-danos-por-23000-millones-en-cafe/AX2E7YCHUBFH5G66DAEDU524XY/story/

Agricultural productivity

The 1.6% annual decline in Costa Rica's Total Factor Productivity (TFP) between 2012 and 2021 contributed to agricultural output growth of only 0.6% per year, driven by increased use of primary factors and, to a lesser extent, variable inputs (OECD, 2024).

OECD (2024), Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation 2024: Innovation for Sustainable Productivity Growth, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/74da57ed-en

Cultural management in ecological practices

A comparative study conducted by the University of Costa Rica (UCR) analyzes agroecological practices in Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama, highlighting the role of cultural agricultural management and ancestral knowledge in farm sustainability. Through interviews and field observation, it identifies key categories such as soil fertility, productive diversification, biological control, and resource conservation. The article shows how peasant traditions strengthen resilience, productive autonomy, and local innovation, driven by cooperation networks between farmers, NGOs, and international agencies.

Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.

Picado, H. V. (2024). Manejo cultural en prácticas agroproductivas ecológicas, los casos de Nicaragua, Costa Rica y Panamá. Mercator (Fortaleza), 23, e23034.