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Evidences

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Unionized rural employees

01/01/2017 Go to Evidence

10.5% was the proportion of unionized rural wage workers employed in agriculture or rural non-agricultural activities in 2014 (Nueva Sociedad, 2017).

10,5% fue la proporción de trabajadores asalariados rurales sindicalizados ocupados en la agricultura o en actividades rurales no agrícolas en 2014 (Nueva Sociedad, 2017)

Nueva Sociedad, 2017. Empleo rural en América Latina: avances y desafíos

Child exploitation in the agricultural sector

01/01/2017 Go to Evidence

48% of the 12 million children who worked in LAC did so in agricultural activities, mainly as unpaid family members (Nueva Sociedad, 2017).

48% de los 12 millones de niños que trabajaban en ALC lo hacían en actividades agrícolas, principalmente en calidad de familiar no remunerado (Nueva Sociedad, 2017)

Nueva Sociedad, 2017. Empleo rural en América Latina: avances y desafíos

Small-scale farms

27/05/2016

21.5 million small-scale farms were estimated in LAC for 2016 (Lowder et al., 2016).

21,5 millones de granjas de pequeña escala se estimaron en ALC para el 2016 (Lowder et all., 2016)

Lowder, S., J. Skoet, and T. Rainey. 2016. “The Number, Size, and Distribution of Farms, Smallholder Farms, and Family Farms Worldwide.” World Development 87 (November): 16–29.

Maize and wheat doubled

Between June 2010 and May 2011, international maize and wheat prices roughly doubled; food prices peaked in February 2011.

Torero (2016)

Torero, M. (2016). Alternative mechanisms to reduce food price volatility and price spikes: Policy responses at the global level. In M. Kalkuhl et al. (Eds.), Food Price Volatility and Its Implications for Food Security and Policy. Springer. https://opsaa.iica.int/en/resource-2747-alternative-mechanisms-to-reduce-food-price-volatility-and-price-spikes-policy-responses-at-the-global-level

More volatility days

395 days of excessive volatility were recorded for soft wheat between January 2007 and June 2011, compared with 207 days between December 2001 and December 2006.

Torero (2016)

Torero, M. (2016). Alternative mechanisms to reduce food price volatility and price spikes: Policy responses at the global level. In M. Kalkuhl et al. (Eds.), Food Price Volatility and Its Implications for Food Security and Policy. Springer. https://opsaa.iica.int/en/resource-2747-alternative-mechanisms-to-reduce-food-price-volatility-and-price-spikes-policy-responses-at-the-global-level

Restrictions explain 30%

Up to 30% of the price increase in the first six months of 2008 can be explained by trade restrictions, according to IFPRI simulations with the MIRAGE model cited in the chapter.

Torero (2016)

Torero, M. (2016). Alternative mechanisms to reduce food price volatility and price spikes: Policy responses at the global level. In M. Kalkuhl et al. (Eds.), Food Price Volatility and Its Implications for Food Security and Policy. Springer. https://opsaa.iica.int/en/resource-2747-alternative-mechanisms-to-reduce-food-price-volatility-and-price-spikes-policy-responses-at-the-global-level

Stocks 2.7% lower

60 million tons, equivalent to 2.7% of global production, was the approximate difference between global grain stocks in 2007-2008 and those in 2004-2005.

Torero (2016)

Torero, M. (2016). Alternative mechanisms to reduce food price volatility and price spikes: Policy responses at the global level. In M. Kalkuhl et al. (Eds.), Food Price Volatility and Its Implications for Food Security and Policy. Springer. https://opsaa.iica.int/en/resource-2747-alternative-mechanisms-to-reduce-food-price-volatility-and-price-spikes-policy-responses-at-the-global-level

300-500k ton reserve

300,000 to 500,000 metric tons of basic grains are proposed as a humanitarian emergency reserve, about 5% of food aid flows of 6.7 million wheat-equivalent tons.

Torero (2016)

Torero, M. (2016). Alternative mechanisms to reduce food price volatility and price spikes: Policy responses at the global level. In M. Kalkuhl et al. (Eds.), Food Price Volatility and Its Implications for Food Security and Policy. Springer. https://opsaa.iica.int/en/resource-2747-alternative-mechanisms-to-reduce-food-price-volatility-and-price-spikes-policy-responses-at-the-global-level

Storage costs US$20-46

US$20 to US$46 per metric ton was the range of costs for holding food reserves reported for African countries, according to the review cited in the chapter.

Torero (2016)

Torero, M. (2016). Alternative mechanisms to reduce food price volatility and price spikes: Policy responses at the global level. In M. Kalkuhl et al. (Eds.), Food Price Volatility and Its Implications for Food Security and Policy. Springer. https://opsaa.iica.int/en/resource-2747-alternative-mechanisms-to-reduce-food-price-volatility-and-price-spikes-policy-responses-at-the-global-level