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Monitoring, Evaluation and Best Practices

Data or statistical facts on the situation and perspectives of agri-food systems and the impact of policies

Evidences

177 results

10% of agricultural land faces waterlogging

10/06/2026 Go to Evidence

10% of global agricultural land is affected by waterlogging or severe drainage constraints, reducing crop growth and agricultural productivity.

OECD (2026), “Anticipating and monitoring water risks for agriculture”, OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, No. 226, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/24939e6a-en.

OECD (2026)

Tag: ClimateSmartAgriculture Climate_Risks Droughts
Country: World (aggregate)
Sector: Agriculture, forestry, and fishery products Agri-environmental Environment and natural resources Agricultural Support Services
Area: Territorial Management Regenerative and Resilient Agriculture Water for Agriculture Agrifood Context
Instrument: Studies and diagnoses Policy to Improve Data and Information Access and Management Prospective studies (forecasting)
Beneficiary: Public institutions Agricultural producers
Result: Improved water quality Information generation Strengthened water resources management Risk mitigation Impact: Climate risk resilience

3 billion more people exposed to water stress

10/06/2026 Go to Evidence

3 billion additional people could be exposed to water stress by 2050 when water quality is incorporated into water scarcity assessments.

OECD (2026), “Anticipating and monitoring water risks for agriculture”, OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, No. 226, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/24939e6a-en.

OECD (2026):

Tag: Floods Climate_Risks Droughts
Country: World (aggregate)
Sector: Agriculture, forestry, and fishery products Agri-environmental Environment and natural resources Agricultural Support Services
Area: Territorial Management Regenerative and Resilient Agriculture Water for Agriculture Agrifood Context
Instrument: Studies and diagnoses Policy to Improve Data and Information Access and Management Prospective studies (forecasting)
Beneficiary: Public institutions Agricultural producers
Result: Improved water quality Information generation Strengthened water resources management Risk mitigation Impact: Climate risk resilience

21% of inland wetlands has been lost

10/06/2026 Go to Evidence

21% of the world's inland wetlands has been lost since 1700, representing approximately 3.4 million km².

OECD (2026), “Anticipating and monitoring water risks for agriculture”, OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, No. 226, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/24939e6a-en.

OECD (2026),

Tag: Floods Climate_Risks Droughts
Country: World (aggregate)
Sector: Agriculture, forestry, and fishery products Agri-environmental Environment and natural resources Agricultural Support Services
Area: Territorial Management Regenerative and Resilient Agriculture Water for Agriculture Agrifood Context
Instrument: Studies and diagnoses Policy to Improve Data and Information Access and Management Prospective studies (forecasting)
Beneficiary: Public institutions Agricultural producers
Result: Improved water quality Information generation Strengthened water resources management Risk mitigation Impact: Climate risk resilience

USD 1.1 billion in agricultural losses

10/06/2026 Go to Evidence

USD 1.1 billion in estimated economic losses were recorded for California's agricultural sector during the 2021 drought.

OECD (2026), “Anticipating and monitoring water risks for agriculture”, OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, No. 226, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/24939e6a-en.

OECD (2026)

Tag: Floods Climate_Risks Droughts
Country: World (aggregate)
Sector: Agriculture, forestry, and fishery products Agri-environmental Environment and natural resources Agricultural Support Services
Area: Territorial Management Regenerative and Resilient Agriculture Water for Agriculture Agrifood Context
Instrument: Studies and diagnoses Policy to Improve Data and Information Access and Management Prospective studies (forecasting)
Beneficiary: Public institutions Agricultural producers
Result: Information generation Strengthened water resources management Risk mitigation Impact: Climate risk resilience

Harvests rose nearly 30%

02/05/2026 Go to Evidence

Nearly 30% was the year-on-year increase in grain harvests during intense El Niño events, such as 1997 and 2014-2016, due to productivity gains.

Avramow (2026)

Avramow, M. (2026, 2 de mayo). La opinión y cautela de los expertos ante la probabilidad de que se desarrolle una versión extrema de El Niño en la Argentina. La Nación. https://www.lanacion.com.ar/sociedad/la-opinion-y-cautela-de-los-expertos-ante-la-probabilidad-de-que-se-desarrolle-una-version-extrema-nid02052026/

Tag: ElNiño Climate_Risks
Country: Argentina Latin America and the Caribbean (aggregate)
Sector: Agri-Food (total) Cereals and cereal products Environment and natural resources
Area: Regenerative and Resilient Agriculture Agrifood Context
Instrument: Studies and diagnoses Prospective studies (forecasting)
Beneficiary: Agricultural producers
Result: Improved productivity Impact: Climate risk resilience Profitability

Extreme El Niño exceeds 20%

02/05/2026 Go to Evidence

More than 20% is NOAA’s estimated probability of an extreme version of El Niño occurring, although experts warn that uncertainty remains.

Avramow (2026)

Avramow, M. (2026, 2 de mayo). La opinión y cautela de los expertos ante la probabilidad de que se desarrolle una versión extrema de El Niño en la Argentina. La Nación. https://www.lanacion.com.ar/sociedad/la-opinion-y-cautela-de-los-expertos-ante-la-probabilidad-de-que-se-desarrolle-una-version-extrema-nid02052026/

Tag: ElNiño Climate_Risks Droughts Floods
Country: Argentina Latin America and the Caribbean (aggregate) Americas (aggregate)
Sector: Environment and natural resources Agri-Food (total) Multisectoral
Area: Regenerative and Resilient Agriculture Water for Agriculture Agrifood Context
Instrument: Prospective studies (forecasting) Studies and diagnoses Early warning systems
Beneficiary: Agricultural producers
Result: Impact: Climate risk resilience Risk mitigation Information generation

Extreme El Niño last seen in 1997

02/05/2026 Go to Evidence

1997 was the last time Argentina observed an extreme version of El Niño, associated with intense rainfall, floods, and damage in urban and agricultural areas.

Avramow (2026)

Avramow, M. (2026, 2 de mayo). La opinión y cautela de los expertos ante la probabilidad de que se desarrolle una versión extrema de El Niño en la Argentina. La Nación. https://www.lanacion.com.ar/sociedad/la-opinion-y-cautela-de-los-expertos-ante-la-probabilidad-de-que-se-desarrolle-una-version-extrema-nid02052026/

Tag: ElNiño Climate_Risks Floods Droughts
Country: Argentina
Sector: Environment and natural resources Agri-Food (total) Multisectoral
Area: Regenerative and Resilient Agriculture Water for Agriculture Agrifood Context
Instrument: Studies and diagnoses Prospective studies (forecasting)
Beneficiary: Agricultural producers Rural communities
Result: Impact: Climate risk resilience Risk mitigation

Weak El Niño has 60%

01/05/2026 Go to Evidence

60% is the approximate probability assigned by Enfen to a weak El Niño event in Peru during 2026.

Bío Bío Chile (2026)

Bío Bío Chile. (2026, 1 de mayo). Lluvias, sequías y calor extremo: cómo afectará "El Niño Global" a Chile y Perú este año. https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/ciencia-y-tecnologia/medio-ambiente-cyt/2026/05/01/lluvias-sequias-y-calor-extremo-como-afectara-el-nino-global-a-chile-y-peru-este-ano.shtml

Tag: ElNiño Climate_Risks Droughts Food_Securtiy_And_Nutrition Outlook-2025-2026
Country: Peru
Sector: Agri-Food (total) Environment and natural resources Agri-environmental
Area: Regenerative and Resilient Agriculture Water for Agriculture Agrifood Context
Instrument: Early warning systems Studies and diagnoses
Beneficiary: Public institutions Agricultural producers Rural communities
Result: Impact: Climate risk resilience Risk mitigation Information generation

Building towards Sustainable Development Goal

22/07/2025 Go to Evidence

Building towards the goal of zero hunger, the food and agriculture sector must be considered when designing nutritional interventions (Duncan et al., 2022).

Construyendo hacia el objetivo de hambre cero, el sector alimentario y agrícola debe ser considerado al diseñar intervenciones nutricionales (Duncan et al., 2022).

Duncan, E., Ashton, L., Abdulai, A. R., Sawadogo-Lewis, T., King, S. E., Fraser, E. D. G., Vosti, S., Haines, J., Knight, F., & Roberton, T. (2022). Connecting the food and agriculture sector to nutrition interventions for improved health outcomes. Food Security, 14, 657-675. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-022-01262-3

Tag: Nutrition_Smart_Agriculture Avanzar2030
Country: World (aggregate)
Sector: Agri-Food (total)
Area: One Health
Instrument: Strategies, plans, policies or guidelines; sectoral or national Studies and diagnoses Strategic planning
Beneficiary: Private enterprises Public institutions Researchers Agro-industrial producers Agricultural producers
Result: Impact: Health and Nutrition Impact: Food and nutritional security