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Monitoring, Evaluation and Best Practices

Data or statistical facts on the situation and perspectives of agri-food systems and the impact of policies

Evidences

570 results

4.3% global reduction in rice yields

10/06/2026 Go to Evidence

4.3% was the average reduction in global annual rice yields between 1980 and 2015 due to flooding; losses reached 14% along China's eastern coast.

OECD (2026), “Anticipating and monitoring water risks for agriculture”, OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, No. 226, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/24939e6a-en

OECD (2026),

Tag: ClimateSmartAgriculture Floods Climate_Risks Droughts
Country: World (aggregate)
Sector: Agriculture, forestry, and fishery products Agri-environmental Environment and natural resources Agricultural Support Services
Area: Territorial Management Regenerative and Resilient Agriculture Water for Agriculture Agrifood Context
Instrument: Studies and diagnoses Policy to Improve Data and Information Access and Management Prospective studies (forecasting)
Beneficiary: Public institutions Agricultural producers
Result: Improved water quality Information generation Strengthened water resources management Climate mitigation Impact: Climate risk resilience

21% of inland wetlands has been lost

10/06/2026 Go to Evidence

21% of the world's inland wetlands has been lost since 1700, representing approximately 3.4 million km².

OECD (2026), “Anticipating and monitoring water risks for agriculture”, OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, No. 226, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/24939e6a-en.

OECD (2026),

Tag: Floods Climate_Risks Droughts
Country: World (aggregate)
Sector: Agriculture, forestry, and fishery products Agri-environmental Environment and natural resources Agricultural Support Services
Area: Territorial Management Regenerative and Resilient Agriculture Water for Agriculture Agrifood Context
Instrument: Studies and diagnoses Policy to Improve Data and Information Access and Management Prospective studies (forecasting)
Beneficiary: Public institutions Agricultural producers
Result: Improved water quality Information generation Strengthened water resources management Risk mitigation Impact: Climate risk resilience

USD 1.1 billion in agricultural losses

10/06/2026 Go to Evidence

USD 1.1 billion in estimated economic losses were recorded for California's agricultural sector during the 2021 drought.

OECD (2026), “Anticipating and monitoring water risks for agriculture”, OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, No. 226, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/24939e6a-en.

OECD (2026)

Tag: Floods Climate_Risks Droughts
Country: World (aggregate)
Sector: Agriculture, forestry, and fishery products Agri-environmental Environment and natural resources Agricultural Support Services
Area: Territorial Management Regenerative and Resilient Agriculture Water for Agriculture Agrifood Context
Instrument: Studies and diagnoses Policy to Improve Data and Information Access and Management Prospective studies (forecasting)
Beneficiary: Public institutions Agricultural producers
Result: Information generation Strengthened water resources management Risk mitigation Impact: Climate risk resilience

60% of irrigated cropland faces high water stress

10/06/2026 Go to Evidence

More than 60% of irrigated cropland experiences high water stress, while 11% of rainfed cropland and 14% of pastureland are affected by frequent droughts.

OECD (2026), “Anticipating and monitoring water risks for agriculture”, OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, No. 226, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/24939e6a-en.

OECD (2026),

Tag: Floods Climate_Risks Droughts
Country: World (aggregate)
Sector: Agriculture, forestry, and fishery products Agri-environmental Environment and natural resources Agricultural Support Services
Area: Territorial Management Regenerative and Resilient Agriculture Water for Agriculture Agrifood Context
Instrument: Studies and diagnoses Prospective studies (forecasting)
Beneficiary: Public institutions Agricultural producers
Result: Improved water quality Information generation Strengthened water resources management Risk mitigation Impact: Climate risk resilience

10% of agricultural land faces waterlogging

10/06/2026 Go to Evidence

10% of global agricultural land is affected by waterlogging or severe drainage constraints, reducing crop growth and agricultural productivity.

OECD (2026), “Anticipating and monitoring water risks for agriculture”, OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, No. 226, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/24939e6a-en.

OECD (2026)

Tag: ClimateSmartAgriculture Climate_Risks Droughts
Country: World (aggregate)
Sector: Agriculture, forestry, and fishery products Agri-environmental Environment and natural resources Agricultural Support Services
Area: Territorial Management Regenerative and Resilient Agriculture Water for Agriculture Agrifood Context
Instrument: Studies and diagnoses Policy to Improve Data and Information Access and Management Prospective studies (forecasting)
Beneficiary: Public institutions Agricultural producers
Result: Improved water quality Information generation Strengthened water resources management Risk mitigation Impact: Climate risk resilience

21% reduction in wheat yields due to drought

10/06/2026 Go to Evidence

21% is the average reduction in wheat yields caused by mild drought conditions; rice yields decrease by 17% on average.

OECD (2026), “Anticipating and monitoring water risks for agriculture”, OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, No. 226, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/24939e6a-en.

OECD (2026)

Tag: Floods Climate_Risks Droughts
Country: World (aggregate)
Sector: Agriculture, forestry, and fishery products Agri-environmental Environment and natural resources Agricultural Support Services
Area: Territorial Management Regenerative and Resilient Agriculture Water for Agriculture Agrifood Context
Instrument: Studies and diagnoses Policy to Improve Data and Information Access and Management Prospective studies (forecasting)
Beneficiary: Public institutions Agricultural producers
Result: Improved water quality Information generation Strengthened water resources management Risk mitigation Impact: Climate risk resilience

3 billion more people exposed to water stress

10/06/2026 Go to Evidence

3 billion additional people could be exposed to water stress by 2050 when water quality is incorporated into water scarcity assessments.

OECD (2026), “Anticipating and monitoring water risks for agriculture”, OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, No. 226, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/24939e6a-en.

OECD (2026):

Tag: Floods Climate_Risks Droughts
Country: World (aggregate)
Sector: Agriculture, forestry, and fishery products Agri-environmental Environment and natural resources Agricultural Support Services
Area: Territorial Management Regenerative and Resilient Agriculture Water for Agriculture Agrifood Context
Instrument: Studies and diagnoses Policy to Improve Data and Information Access and Management Prospective studies (forecasting)
Beneficiary: Public institutions Agricultural producers
Result: Improved water quality Information generation Strengthened water resources management Risk mitigation Impact: Climate risk resilience

Extreme El Niño last seen in 1997

02/05/2026 Go to Evidence

1997 was the last time Argentina observed an extreme version of El Niño, associated with intense rainfall, floods, and damage in urban and agricultural areas.

Avramow (2026)

Avramow, M. (2026, 2 de mayo). La opinión y cautela de los expertos ante la probabilidad de que se desarrolle una versión extrema de El Niño en la Argentina. La Nación. https://www.lanacion.com.ar/sociedad/la-opinion-y-cautela-de-los-expertos-ante-la-probabilidad-de-que-se-desarrolle-una-version-extrema-nid02052026/

Tag: ElNiño Climate_Risks Floods Droughts
Country: Argentina
Sector: Environment and natural resources Agri-Food (total) Multisectoral
Area: Regenerative and Resilient Agriculture Water for Agriculture Agrifood Context
Instrument: Studies and diagnoses Prospective studies (forecasting)
Beneficiary: Agricultural producers Rural communities
Result: Impact: Climate risk resilience Risk mitigation

Harvests rose nearly 30%

02/05/2026 Go to Evidence

Nearly 30% was the year-on-year increase in grain harvests during intense El Niño events, such as 1997 and 2014-2016, due to productivity gains.

Avramow (2026)

Avramow, M. (2026, 2 de mayo). La opinión y cautela de los expertos ante la probabilidad de que se desarrolle una versión extrema de El Niño en la Argentina. La Nación. https://www.lanacion.com.ar/sociedad/la-opinion-y-cautela-de-los-expertos-ante-la-probabilidad-de-que-se-desarrolle-una-version-extrema-nid02052026/

Tag: ElNiño Climate_Risks
Country: Argentina Latin America and the Caribbean (aggregate)
Sector: Agri-Food (total) Cereals and cereal products Environment and natural resources
Area: Regenerative and Resilient Agriculture Agrifood Context
Instrument: Studies and diagnoses Prospective studies (forecasting)
Beneficiary: Agricultural producers
Result: Improved productivity Impact: Climate risk resilience Profitability