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45 million additional people could fall into acute hunger if the Iran war persists, with the Caribbean among the most vulnerable regions due to food import dependence and El Niño drought threats (The Guardian, 2026).
(The Guardian, 2026)
The Guardian. (2026, abril 13). El Niño explainer. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2026/apr/13/el-nino-explainer
61% probability is estimated by WMO that El Niño will bring severe droughts to Belize, Guyana, Suriname, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago, threatening crops and water supplies in countries already facing high imported food prices due to the Iran conflict (The Guardian, 2026).
(The Guardian 2026)
The Guardian. (2026, abril 13). El Niño explainer. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2026/apr/13/el-nino-explainer
Natural gas prices, the main input for fertilizers, increased by up to 50%, driving up the cost of the sector (Agrolatam, 2026).
Agrolatam. (2026). Fertilizer prices surge in U.S. as urea jumps 34% ahead of planting.
Agrolatam
Prices for nitrogen fertilizers in the US market have risen by more than 30% in recent weeks (Agrolatam, 2026).
Agrolatam. (2026). Fertilizer prices surge in U.S. as urea jumps 34% ahead of planting.
Agrolatam
+1.5°C anomaly in the Niño-3.4 region is NOAA's CPC threshold for a "strong" El Niño event, with a 62% probability of occurrence in June–August 2026 (Noll, 2026).
(Noll, 2026)
Noll, B. (2026, abril 6). Super El Niño chances increasing risks. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2026/04/06/super-el-nino-chances-increasing-risks/
24 vessels per day transited the Panama Canal during the 2023–24 El Niño drought, down from the usual 36, with draft restrictions set at 44 feet (Noll, 2026).
(Noll,2026)
Noll, B. (2026, abril 6). Super El Niño chances increasing risks. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2026/04/06/super-el-nino-chances-increasing-risks/
ENECMWF models project Pacific temperatures exceeding the 2015 record (+5.04°F), with a 61% probability of El Niño in May–July 2026 (Noll, 2026).
(Noll, 2026)
Noll, B. (2026, abril 6). Super El Niño chances increasing risks. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2026/04/06/super-el-nino-chances-increasing-risks/
25% crop yield decline is projected from a 20% fertilizer cut if the conflict exceeds 40 days, affecting 50% of producer budgets (Ibáñez, 2026).
(Ibáñez, 2026)
Ibáñez, M. J. (2026, 4 de abril). El conflicto de Irán ya impacta en los precios mundiales de los alimentos: cereales, leche y azúcar son un 2,4% más caros. El Periódico. https://www.elperiodico.com/es/internacional/20260404/conflicto-iran-impacta-precios-mundiales-alimentos-basicos-128746183
2.4% rise in FAO's Food Price Index in March 2026 reached its highest since September of the prior year, with crude oil near USD 120 per barrel due to the Iran conflict (Ibáñez, 2026).
(Ibáñez, 2026)
Ibáñez, M. J. (2026, 4 de abril). El conflicto de Irán ya impacta en los precios mundiales de los alimentos: cereales, leche y azúcar son un 2,4% más caros. El Periódico. https://www.elperiodico.com/es/internacional/20260404/conflicto-iran-impacta-precios-mundiales-alimentos-basicos-128746183
5.1% rise in vegetable oil prices and 7.2% in sugar — its highest since October 2025 — were recorded in March 2026, both linked to energy cost increases from the Iran war (Ibáñez, 2026).
(Ibáñez, 2026)
Ibáñez, M. J. (2026, 4 de abril). El conflicto de Irán ya impacta en los precios mundiales de los alimentos: cereales, leche y azúcar son un 2,4% más caros. El Periódico. https://www.elperiodico.com/es/internacional/20260404/conflicto-iran-impacta-precios-mundiales-alimentos-basicos-128746183